Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis, known as cataplexy. Individuals with narcolepsy often experience disrupted nighttime sleep and may have vivid dreams or hallucinations during sleep transitions.
The primary symptoms of narcolepsy include:
- Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Persistent drowsiness and an uncontrollable urge to sleep during the day.
- Cataplexy: Sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions, which can cause brief episodes of weakness or collapse.
- Sleep Paralysis: Temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up.
- Hypnagogic Hallucinations: Vivid and often frightening visual or auditory experiences occurring as one is falling asleep.
Diagnosis of narcolepsy involves a detailed clinical evaluation, including sleep studies and assessments to distinguish it from other sleep disorders. Treatment plans may include lifestyle adjustments, medications, and behavioural strategies to improve sleep quality and daily functioning.